Journal: Bioactive Materials

Article Title: 3D-MSCs apoptotic bodies-integrated conductive hydrogel mitigates spinal cord injury via immunoregulation and alleviating neuronal pyroptosis

doi: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2026.01.043

Figure Lengend Snippet: Composite hydrogel promotes the polarization of BV2 cells to M2 types and alleviates PC12 cell pyroptosis in vitro inflammatory environment. (A) Representative western blots showing protein expression of iNOS and Arg-1 in each group, β-actin was utilized as a loading control. (B) Quantitative analysis of relative expression of iNOS and Arg-1. (C) Representative immunofluorescence images of CD68 positive and iNOS positive BV2 cells (scale bar: 20 μm). (D) Representative immunofluorescence images of CD68 positive and Arg-1 positive BV2 cells (scale bar: 20 μm). (E, F) Quantitative analysis of relative fluorescence intensity of iNOS and Arg-1. (G) Representative western blots showing the expression of NLRP3, Caspase-1, IL-1β, ASC, GSDMD-N, and IL-18 protein associated with pyroptosis, β-actin was utilized as a loading control. (H) PI staining of PC12 cells in each group (scale bar, 100 μm). (I) Quantitative analysis of PI staining of PC12 cells (n = 3). (J) Quantitative analysis of relative expression of NLRP3, Caspase-1, IL-1β, ASC, GSDMD-N and IL-18 (n = 3). The data are presented as the means ± SEMs (n = 3); ∗p < 0.05, indicates significant differences; ns, is not significant. Statistical analysis was performed using two-way ANOVA followed by Tukey's multiple comparison test.

Article Snippet: Antibodies against GSDMD-N (cat. no. DF12275), CD44 (cat. no. BF9213), and Integrin beta1 (cat. no. AF5379) were obtained from Affinity Biosciences in Ohio, USA.

Techniques: In Vitro, Western Blot, Expressing, Control, Immunofluorescence, Fluorescence, Staining, Comparison

Journal: Bioactive Materials

Article Title: 3D-MSCs apoptotic bodies-integrated conductive hydrogel mitigates spinal cord injury via immunoregulation and alleviating neuronal pyroptosis

doi: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2026.01.043

Figure Lengend Snippet: The composite hydrogel inhibits post-SCI pyroptosis in neurons. (A) Immunofluorescence images of residual neurons existing in the anterior horn of the spinal cord (scale bar, 500 μm and 200 μm). (B) Immunofluorescence image of Caspase-1 expression of neurons 3 days after SCI (scale bar, 20 μm). (C) Quantitative analysis of relative fluorescence intensity of Caspase-1 protein expression in neurons within the specified groups (n = 3). (D) Immunofluorescence image of GSDMD-N expression of neurons 3 days after SCI (scale bar, 20 μm). (E) Quantitative analysis of relative fluorescence intensity of GSDMD-N protein expression in neurons within the specified groups (n = 3). (F) Representative western blots showing the expression of NLRP3, Caspase-1, IL-1β, ASC, GSDMD-N, and IL-18 protein 3 days after SCI, GAPDH was utilized as a loading control. (G) Quantitative analysis of relative expression of NLRP3, Caspase-1, IL-1β, ASC, GSDMD-N and IL-18 (n = 3). The data are presented as the means ± SEMs (n = 3); ∗p < 0.05, indicates significant differences; ns, is not significant. Statistical analysis was performed using two-way ANOVA followed by Tukey's multiple comparison test.

Article Snippet: Antibodies against GSDMD-N (cat. no. DF12275), CD44 (cat. no. BF9213), and Integrin beta1 (cat. no. AF5379) were obtained from Affinity Biosciences in Ohio, USA.

Techniques: Immunofluorescence, Expressing, Fluorescence, Western Blot, Control, Comparison

Journal: Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Article Title: Maresin 1 activates autophagy through SIRT1/PPAR-γ signaling to mitigate high glucose-induced pyroptosis in human retinal pigment epithelial cells

doi: 10.3892/etm.2026.13134

Figure Lengend Snippet: MaR1 ameliorates HG-induced pyroptosis in ARPE-19 cells. (A) Effect of MaR1 treatment at varying concentrations on the fluorescence intensity of GSDMD-N in HG-induced ARPE-19 cells. Scale bar, 50 µm. (B) Effect of MaR1 treatment at varying concentrations on the expression of pyroptosis-related proteins (caspase-1, GSDMD, GSDMD-N, cleaved caspase-1, NLRP3, ASC and IL-18) in HG-induced ARPE-19 cells. * P<0.05, ** P<0.01 and *** P<0.001. MaR1, maresin 1; HG, high glucose; NG, normal glucose; GSDMD, gasdermin D; GSDMD-N, GSDMD N-terminal; NLRP3, NLR family pyrin domain containing 3; ASC, apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a CARD.

Article Snippet: Subsequently, the cells were blocked with 1% BSA solution (cat. no. ST023; Beyotime Biotechnology) at room temperature for 1 h, followed by overnight incubation at 4 ̊C with diluted anti-GSDMD N-terminal (GSDMD-N) primary antibody (1:100; cat. no. ER1901-37; HUABIO).

Techniques: Fluorescence, Expressing

Journal: Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Article Title: Maresin 1 activates autophagy through SIRT1/PPAR-γ signaling to mitigate high glucose-induced pyroptosis in human retinal pigment epithelial cells

doi: 10.3892/etm.2026.13134

Figure Lengend Snippet: MaR1 mediates autophagy through SIRT1/peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ signaling to ameliorate HG-induced pyroptosis in ARPE-19 cells. (A) SIRT1 inhibitor EX527 and autophagy inhibitor 3-MA enhanced the fluorescence intensity of GSDMD-N in ARPE-19 cells treated with HG and MaR1. Scale bar, 50 µm. (B) EX527 and 3-MA upregulated the expression of GSDMD-N, cleaved caspase-1, NLRP3, ASC and IL-18 in ARPE-19 cells treated with HG and MaR1. * P<0.05, ** P<0.01 and *** P<0.001. MaR1, maresin 1; HG, high glucose; NG, normal glucose; SIRT1, sirtuin 1; GSDMD, gasdermin D; GSDMD-N, GSDMD N-terminal; NLRP3, NLR family pyrin domain containing 3; ASC, apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a CARD; 3-MA, 3-methyladenine.

Article Snippet: Subsequently, the cells were blocked with 1% BSA solution (cat. no. ST023; Beyotime Biotechnology) at room temperature for 1 h, followed by overnight incubation at 4 ̊C with diluted anti-GSDMD N-terminal (GSDMD-N) primary antibody (1:100; cat. no. ER1901-37; HUABIO).

Techniques: Fluorescence, Expressing

Journal: Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Article Title: Maresin 1 activates autophagy through SIRT1/PPAR-γ signaling to mitigate high glucose-induced pyroptosis in human retinal pigment epithelial cells

doi: 10.3892/etm.2026.13134

Figure Lengend Snippet: Schematic illustration of the protective mechanism of MaR1 against HG-induced pyroptosis in ARPE-19 cells. High glucose stimulation triggers the overproduction of ROS, leading to the activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome complex (comprising NLRP3, ASC and Caspase-1). This activation results in the cleavage of GSDMD, which forms membrane pores (GSDMD-N) and promotes the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines, ultimately inducing pyroptosis. However, MaR1 treatment effectively upregulates SIRT1 expression, which in turn enhances PPAR-γ levels and restores autophagic flux. The restored autophagy facilitates the clearance of damaged mitochondria and ROS, thereby inhibiting the NLRP3/GSDMD signaling pathway and protecting ARPE-19 cells from HG-induced inflammatory damage. SIRT1, sirtuin 1; PPAR-γ, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ; ROS, reactive oxygen species; GSDMD-N, gasdermin D N-terminal; NLRP3, NLR family pyrin domain containing 3; ASC, apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a CARD.

Article Snippet: Subsequently, the cells were blocked with 1% BSA solution (cat. no. ST023; Beyotime Biotechnology) at room temperature for 1 h, followed by overnight incubation at 4 ̊C with diluted anti-GSDMD N-terminal (GSDMD-N) primary antibody (1:100; cat. no. ER1901-37; HUABIO).

Techniques: Activation Assay, Membrane, Expressing